However, Populus also differs from arabidopsis in many respects, including being dioecious, which makes selfing and back-cross manipulations impossible. The long time-to-flower is also a limitation, ...

James E. Eckenwalder, Taxonomic Signal and Noise in Multivariate Interpopulational Relationships in Populus mexicana (Salicaceae), Systematic Botany, Vol. 21, No. 3 ...