Knots are generally understood to form due to twists and turns of long, flexible materials that keep shoes on your feet or ...

"Our understanding of shadows has developed hand-in-hand with our understanding of light and optics," said Abrahao ... illuminated it with a blue laser from the side. When the green laser ...

which are optical fibers with an array of tiny air-filled holes running down their lengths. Blast a high-intensity monochromatic laser down one end, and white light comes out the other end.

But the key to this build is in the 16 pieces of side-glow plastic fiber optic tubing. Side-glow is designed to let light escape along the length of the tube as opposed to end-glow, which is made ...